This year marks the 53rd anniversary of the beginnings of negotiations between the International Longshoreman’s and Warehouseman’s Union and the Pacific Maritime Association over what came to be known as the “Mechanization and Modernization Agreement.” Signed in October, 1960, after months of talks, the “M and M agreement” transformed San Francisco’s economy forever, moving its founding industry -- shipping and trans shipping -- to the East Bay, opening up the land once devoted to maritime uses to real estate development, and setting off the modern political era of San Francisco.
The agreement allowed containerization to come into the San Francisco Bay, making obsolete the finger piers along San Francisco’s waterfront and the ILWU’s “gangs” that worked on them, hand-loading “break bulk” cargo into the holds of cargo ships. The new technology of shipping cargo in a single container that could be transported by truck, train, and ship without unloading transformed maritime trade.
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